Amabwiriza ya FAA avuga ko abo bagore batandatu batagejeje ku bipimo by’ingenzi bisabwa ngo umuntu yitwe umunya-isanzure.
Itsinda ry’abagore gusa ry’isosiyete Blue Origin ryageze mu isanzure amahoro, ariko ku birebana no kwitwa “abanya-isanzure” (astronauts), amabwiriza ya Leta yo hambere ari kubasubiza ku isi.
Muri iki cyumweru, itsinda ry’abagore b’ibyamamare barimo umuririmbyi Katy Perry n’umunyamakuru Gayle King, bagize urugendo rugera ku mpera z’isanzure ndetse binjira mu kirere cy’inyuma ya atmosphère y’Isi. Uru rugendo rwatwaye n’indege yikora (ikoresha ikoranabuhanga nta mushoferi) rwabaye intambwe ikomeye mu rugendo rw’ubucuruzi mu isanzure, ariko runateje impaka ku cyemezo cy’ukuri gishingirwaho ngo umuntu yitwe “umunya-isanzure.”
Mu butumwa yanyujije kuri X ku wa 17 Mata, Umunyamabanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ushinzwe ubwikorezi, Sean Duffy, yashimagije iri tsinda ko ari “intwari kandi bashashagirana,” ariko agaragaza impamvu batuzuza ibisabwa ngo bemerwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe indege za gisivile muri Amerika (FAA) nk’abagendereye isanzure mu buryo bwemewe. Yavuze ko icyo cyubahiro gifite urwego rwo hejuru bisaba kugeraho.
“Igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi cy’Abanyamerika mu isanzure ni igishushanyo cy’ubuhanga n’ubudasa by’Amerika,” Duffy yanditse. “Ariko amabwiriza ya nyuma ya FAA yari mu gahunda y’‘ibikoresho by’icyubahiro ku bagenzi b’isanzure’ (Commercial Space Astronaut Wings Program) yari asobanutse neza: Abagize urugendo mu isanzure bagomba kuba baragaragaje ibikorwa by’ingenzi ku mutekano rusange cyangwa umutekano w’ingendo z’abantu mu isanzure.”
Abo bagore batandatu uretse Perry na King, harimo n’umuhanga mu bijyanye n’indege n’isanzure Aisha Bowe, umuharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu Amanda Nguyen, umukinnyi wa filime n’umwanditsi Kerianne Flynn, ndetse n’umunyamakuru Lauren Sánchez, wambitswe impeta na Jeff Bezos washinze Blue Origin bose bafite ibyo bagezeho bikomeye mu buzima bwabo bw’umwuga.
Ariko bijyanye n’urugendo rwabo mu isanzure, Duffy avuga ko batagejeje ku bipimo bisabwa na FAA.
“Itsinda ryagiriye urugendo mu isanzure muri iki cyumweru rikoresheje indege yikora ya Blue Origin ni intwari kandi bafite isura nziza, ariko ntimwemerewe kwiyita abanya-isanzure,” yakomeje yandika ku bijyanye n’ibisobanuro nyabyo bigomba gukoreshwa kuri ibyo bagezeho. “Nta na rimwe bujuje ibisabwa na FAA byo kwitwa abanya-isanzure.”
Ni bande bemererwa kwitwa abanya-isanzure?
Igisubizo kuri iki kibazo giterwa n’uwo ubajije.
Gahunda ya FAA yiswe Commercial Space Astronaut Wings Program yari isaba abantu babiri ibisabwa kugira ngo bemererwe kwitwa abanya-isanzure: kuba barageze nibura ku bilometero 80 hejuru y’ubutaka bw’Isi, kandi kuba baragize uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa by’ingenzi bijyanye n’umutekano w’ingendo z’abantu mu isanzure cyangwa umutekano rusange.
Iyo gahunda ya FAA yashyizweho mu 2004 isozwa mu 2021, bitegura ko ubukerarugendo mu isanzure buzatangira. Nubwo bimeze bityo, urutonde rw’abahawe icyo cyubahiro nacyo ruracyagaragara ku rubuga rwa FAA. Bowe, Nguyen, Flynn, King, Perry na Sánchez bose baragaragara kuri urwo rubuga, ariko nta n’umwe ubarwa mu bahawe “Astronaut Wings” kuko nta n’umwe wabaye mu myanya y’ingenzi y’akazi cyangwa ubuyobozi mu rugendo.
Hanze y’amabwiriza ya FAA, NASA isobanura umunya-isanzure nk’umuntu watoranyijwe mu itsinda ry’abajya mu isanzure ndetse akaba yarabigize umwuga.
Ijambo astronaut nk’uko risobanurwa na Merriam-Webster Dictionary, rishingira cyane ku mwuga w’umuntu, rikavuga ko ari “umuntu wagize ingendo zijya hanze y’ikirere cy’Isi umwuga we.” Mu bisobanuro rusange, iryo jambo risobanura “umuntu wese wagiriye urugendo hanze y’ikirere cy’Isi.”
