Amateka ya Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler, wavukiye i Braunau am Inn muri Austria ku ya 20 Mata 1889, yabaye umuyobozi ukomeye wa politiki wateye Isi akaga kadasanzwe. Yabaye umuyobozi w’ishyaka ry’Abanazi (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei – NSDAP) n’Umuyobozi Mukuru w’u Budage kuva mu 1933 kugeza mu 1945. Hitler azwi cyane ku buyobozi bwe bw’igitugu, politiki y’ivangura rishingiye ku moko, no guteza intambara y’Isi ya Kabiri (1939-1945).

Inzira ye ku Buyobozi
Nyuma y’Intambara y’Isi ya Mbere, aho yari umusirikare w’u Budage, Hitler yafashe umugambi wo kwinjira muri politiki, abikora abitewe no kwinubira amategeko y’i Versailles (Versailles Treaty) n’ingaruka zayo ku Budage. Mu 1923, yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi mu bikorwa bizwi nka “Beer Hall Putsch,” ariko biranga aratabwa muri gereza. Muri icyo gihe, yanditse igitabo Mein Kampf, aho yagaragaje amahame ye y’ubutagondwa n’ivangura rishingiye ku moko.

Nyuma yo kurekurwa, Hitler yakoze ibikorwa bikomeye byo gukangurira abaturage, akoresheje amayeri y’ubuvugizi bushyushye no kwamamaza ibikorwa bye mu buryo bwihariye. Yashinze ishyaka rye ku mahame ya politiki yo guharanira inyungu z’Abadage gusa, ashyiraho gahunda yo kwigarurira ubutaka bwo gukoreraho (Lebensraum) mu Burayi bw’i Burasirazuba, kandi asaba ishyirwaho ry’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bushingiye ku mwami umwe (Führerprinzip).

Mu 1933, yatorewe kuba Chancellor w’u Budage, nyuma yaho ashyiraho ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bukuraho demokarasi yose mu gihugu. Yatangije ibikorwa byo kwigarurira ubukungu bw’igihugu no kongera igisirikare, bigamije gutegura intambara nini.

Amayeri Menshi N’Ubucakura
Hitler yakoresheje ubucakura n’amayeri menshi mu buryo bw’ubuyobozi no mu ntambara. Mu bijyanye n’intambara, yaranzwe no gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, bizwi nka Blitzkrieg (intambara y’inkuba), aho ibitero byakozwe mu buryo bwihuse cyane. Ubu buryo bwatumye yigarurira ibihugu byinshi mu gihe gito, birimo Pologne (1939), Ubufaransa (1940), n’ibindi bice by’u Burayi.

Mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, Hitler yashyizeho amasezerano menshi y’ubufatanye n’ibihugu by’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu nka Ubutaliyani bwa Benito Mussolini n’Ubuyapani, agerageza kandi kwirinda ibitero bivuye ku Burusiya binyuze ku masezerano y’ubufatanye azwi nka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Gusa, nyuma y’igihe gito, yishe ayo masezerano agaba igitero ku Burusiya mu 1941, cyiswe Operation Barbarossa.

Hitler kandi yakoze ubucakura mu kubiba urwango mu baturage no kubashishikariza kwitandukanya n’amoko atari ayo yashakaga. Yashinze gahunda y’ivangura ry’amoko, ikaba yarateye Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi izwi nka Holocaust, aho abantu basaga miliyoni 6 bishwe mu buryo bwa kinyamaswa.

Ubugambanyi N’Iherezo rye
Intambara y’Isi ya Kabiri yaje kurangira nabi ku Budage bitewe no gutakaza ingufu za gisirikare, igitero cyinshi cyagabwe n’Abanyamerika, Abongereza, n’Abasoviyeti. Mu 1945, ubwo Abasoviyeti bari bageze i Berlin, Hitler yiyahuye ku ya 30 Mata, asiga isi mu bibazo byinshi.

Inyigisho
Amateka ya Hitler ni isomo rikomeye ku ngaruka z’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, ivangura, no guha icyuho urwango. Ni amateka agaragaza ko amayeri n’ubucakura bishobora kwigarurira imitima y’abaturage, ariko ntibihoraho ubuziraherezo. Amahoro n’ubwumvikane ni byo bikwiye gushyirwa imbere kugira ngo isi ibone iterambere rirambye.