Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umujyi wa New York ni umwe mu mijyi yiganjemo imodoka nyinshi, bigatuma habaho umuvundo ukabije mu muhanda. Kubera ibi bibazo, ubuyobozi bw’uyu mujyi bwashyizeho gahunda yo gukusanya umusoro wa “Congestion Pricing” kugira ngo bugabanye umubyigano w’ibinyabiziga ndetse bunoze ubwikorezi rusange.
Nubwo iyi gahunda ifite intego yo kunoza imikorere y’umujyi, hari impaka zikomeye ku ngaruka zayo, cyane cyane ku batwara imodoka n’abakorera muri New York. Nubwo bamwe bamaze kuyishyigikira, haracyari benshi batayemera. Ese iyi gahunda izafasha umujyi wa New York kugera ku ntego yawo?
Congestion Pricing Ni Iki?
Congestion Pricing ni uburyo bwo gushyiraho umusoro ku modoka zinjira mu bice by’umujyi bifite umuvundo ukabije. Iki gitekerezo cyatangijwe mu mijyi nka London, Singapore, n’i Stockholm, aho byatanze umusaruro mu kugabanya ubwinshi bw’imodoka mu mihanda y’ingenzi.
Mu mujyi wa New York, iyi gahunda yateguwe kugira ngo:
- Igabanye umubyigano w’imodoka.
- Ifashe leta kubona amafaranga yo gushora mu gukemura ibibazo by’ubwikorezi rusange.
- Kugabanya umwuka wangiza ikirere uva mu modoka nyinshi zinjira mu mujyi.
Biteganyijwe ko Congestion Pricing izatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri 2024, aho imodoka zizajya zishyura amafaranga runaka kugira ngo zinjire mu gace ka Manhattan k’amajyepfo ya 60th Street.
Ibiciro biteganyijwe:
- Imodoka nto zisanzwe (private cars): $15 ku munsi
- Amakamyo (trucks): $24–$36
- Tekisi na Uber/Lyft: hazabaho umusoro wihariye kuri buri rugendo
Aya mafaranga azakusanywa azakoreshwa mu kuvugurura imihanda no guteza imbere imodoka rusange (subway, bus, n’ibindi).
Bamwe mu bayobozi n’abaturage ba New York bemera ko iyi gahunda ifite inyungu nyinshi, zirimo:
- Kugabanya Umubyigano mu Mihanda
- Kuri ubu, Manhattan ni agace gafite imodoka nyinshi cyane, bikadindiza ubwikorezi.
- Umusoro mushya uzatuma imodoka zigabanuka, bikoroshya ingendo.
- Kongera Amafaranga yo Kuvugurura Subway na Bisi
- Leta ya New York ikeneye amafaranga menshi yo kuvugurura subway n’ibindi bikorwaremezo by’ubwikorezi rusange.
- Umusoro uzatanga ubushobozi bwo gukora iyo mirimo.
- Gukemura Ibibazo by’Umwuka Wangiza
- Kubera imodoka nyinshi, ikirere cya New York gifite umwuka wangiza ku buzima bw’abantu.
- Imodoka nke zizagabanya ingano y’iyo myuka, bigatuma abantu babaho neza.
- Gufasha Ubukungu bw’Umujyi
- Kubera umubyigano, ubucuruzi bw’ahantu hamwe burahura n’imbogamizi zo kugerwaho.
- Iyo ibinyabiziga bigabanutse, bishobora gufasha ibikorwa byinshi gukomeza gukora neza.
Nubwo iyi gahunda igamije iterambere, hari abatishimiye ishyirwaho ryayo, barimo abatwara imodoka, abatwara amakamyo, ndetse n’abakorera mu mujyi.
- Abatwara Imodoka Barayamagana
- Abantu benshi batuye mu bice bya New Jersey, Long Island, na Westchester bavuga ko bibangamye kuba bazajya bishyura amafaranga buri gihe binjiye Manhattan.
- Bagaragaza ko nta yandi mahitamo bafite kuko ubwikorezi rusange butaratera imbere neza muri ibyo bice.
- Abatwara Amakamyo Bafite Impungenge
- Ikiguzi cyo kwinjiza amakamyo mu mujyi kiri hejuru cyane, ibyo bikaba bishobora kongera ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa.
- Ibigo bitwara ibiribwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa bitanga impuruza ko ibiciro bizazamuka cyane.
- Abakora Ubucuruzi Muri Manhattan
- Bamwe mu bacuruzi bavuga ko iyi gahunda izatuma abakiriya bagabanuka kuko benshi bazanga kwishyura ayo mafaranga.
- Ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo bishobora guhura n’ingaruka mbi.
- Impungenge ku Bushobozi bwo Gushyirwa mu Bikorwa
- Abaturage bamwe bafite impungenge ko amafaranga azava muri uyu musoro ashobora kutazakoreshwa neza mu guteza imbere ubwikorezi rusange.
- Mu myaka yashize, hari imishinga myinshi yagiye ikorwa nabi kubera imicungire mibi y’amafaranga.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugaragaza ko nubwo iyi gahunda ikomeje kubona abashyigikira, igice kinini cy’abaturage cya New York kiracyayirwanya.
- 45% y’abaturage bemeza ko iyi gahunda izagirira akamaro umujyi
- 55% ntibayemera kubera ibiciro byayo n’ingaruka ku bukungu bwabo
- 64% y’abaturage bo muri Manhattan bayishyigikiye kuko bazabona inyungu mu kugabanuka kw’umubyigano w’imodoka
- Abantu benshi bo muri New Jersey n’ahandi hatari muri Manhattan barayamagana cyane
Nubwo umusoro wa Congestion Pricing utarashyigikirwa na bose, ubuyobozi bwa New York buvuga ko uzatanga umusaruro mwiza ku bukungu no ku buzima bw’abaturage.
Icyo bishobora gutanga mu gihe kiri imbere:
- Mu myaka 5 iri imbere, ubwikorezi rusange bushobora kugirirwa akamaro n’aya mafaranga.
- Ibiciro by’ubwikorezi rusange bishobora kugabanuka niba iyi gahunda ikora neza.
- Ubucuruzi muri Manhattan bushobora kubona inyungu mu gihe abantu benshi bakoresha ubwikorezi rusange.
Gahunda yo Congestion Pricing muri New York ni imwe mu mpinduka zikomeye muri politiki y’ubwikorezi bw’umujyi. Nubwo ifite inyungu nyinshi, zirimo kugabanya umubyigano, kongera ubukungu no kurengera ibidukikije, haracyari impaka ku ngaruka zayo ku batwara imodoka, abacuruzi, ndetse n’abaturage batuye ahatari Manhattan.
Ese iyi gahunda izatanga umusaruro witezwe? Cyangwa izateza ibibazo bishya ku bukungu no ku baturage ba New York? Ibi bizagaragarira mu gihe izaba yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
