Somalia Iri mu Marembera: Amapfa, Intambara, n’Izamuka ry’Ibiciro by’Ibiribwa Bishobora Gushyira Abantu Miliyoni 4.4 mu Nzara Muri Mata
Somalia, igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, kiri mu bihe bikomeye cyane. Amapfa akabije, amakimbirane adashira, ndetse n’izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa, byose byahuriranye bigashyira ubuzima bw’abaturage mu kaga gakomeye. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 4.4 bashobora kwisanga mu nzara ikabije bitarenze ukwezi kwa Mata uyu mwaka. N’ubwo hari ibikorwa by’ubufasha bigamije gutabara ubuzima, ibura ry’amikoro rirashyira mu kaga izi ngamba zo gufasha abari mu byago.
Mu myaka yashize, Somalia yahuye n’ibihe by’amapfa akabije bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Imvura yabuze cyangwa igwa nabi, bigatuma imyaka y’ubuhinzi yangirika cyangwa ntibeho na gato. Ibi byatumye abaturage benshi batakaza umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, ari nawo shingiro ry’ubukungu bwabo. Abashumba nabo bahuye n’ikibazo cy’ubwatsi buke, bituma amatungo yabo apfa cyangwa agurishwa ku giciro gito cyane.
Somalia imaze imyaka myinshi mu ntambara z’urudaca hagati y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, cyane cyane Al-Shabaab, n’ingabo za leta. Izi ntambara zatumye abaturage benshi bava mu byabo, abandi bagatakaza ababo n’ibyabo. Umutekano muke watumye kandi ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi bihungabana, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’igihugu no ku mibereho y’abaturage. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Human Rights Watch mu mwaka wa 2025, ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi byahitanye abaturage benshi, abandi barahunga ingo zabo
Ibibazo by’ubukungu ku isi, birimo intambara mu bihugu bitanga ibiribwa byinshi, byatumye ibiciro by’ibiribwa bizamuka cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ibi byagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri Somalia, igihugu gisanzwe gifite ibibazo by’ubukungu. Abaturage benshi batakaje ubushobozi bwo kugura ibiribwa, bituma inzara ikaza umurego. Nk’uko byatangajwe na IGIHE, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa rifitanye isano n’intambara yo muri Ukraine, ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bihugu byinshi birimo na Somalia.
N’ubwo hari imiryango mpuzamahanga n’iy’imbere mu gihugu ikora ibishoboka byose ngo ifashe abaturage bari mu kaga, ibura ry’amikoro riracyari inzitizi ikomeye. Imishinga myinshi yo gutanga ibiribwa, amazi meza, n’ubuvuzi irahagarara cyangwa igakora ku kigero gito kubera kubura inkunga ihagije. Nk’uko byatangajwe na ReliefWeb muri Mutarama 2025, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 5.98 bakeneye ubufasha bwihutirwa, ariko ibikorwa byo kubafasha biracyabangamiwe n’ibura ry’inkunga.
Abaturage ba Somalia bahanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima kubera izi ngorane zose. Abana benshi bari mu mirire mibi ikabije, abagore n’abakobwa bahura n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ndetse n’abasaza n’abakecuru bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bidafite kivurira. Abantu benshi barimo guhunga ingo zabo bashaka amahoro n’ubufasha, ariko bakisanga mu nkambi zidakwiye cyangwa bakabura aho berekeza.
Mu gihe ibintu bikomeje kuba bibi muri Somalia, harasabwa ingamba zihuse kandi zifatika. Abayobozi b’igihugu bagomba gushyira imbere amahoro n’umutekano, bagashaka uburyo bwo kurangiza amakimbirane arimo igihugu. Imiryango mpuzamahanga nayo irasabwa kongera inkunga mu bikorwa by’ubutabazi, kugira ngo ubuzima bw’abaturage butabarwe. Nk’uko byagaragajwe na Human Rights Watch, ibikorwa bya gisirikare bya leta bigomba gukorwa hubahirizwa uburenganzira bwa muntu, kandi hagashakwa uburyo bwo kurinda abasivili mu gihe cy’ibitero.
Somalia iri mu bihe bikomeye bisaba ubufatanye bwa buri wese. Abaturage bakeneye ubufasha bwihuse kugira ngo barengere ubuzima bwabo kuko ngombwa.
