Ivumburwa rya terefone, bumwe mu buhanga bwahinduye amateka ya muntu, bwitiriwe umugabo witwa Alexander Graham Bell. Iki gikorwa cyagezweho mu itumanaho cyatanzwe ku mugaragaro ku wa 7 Werurwe mu 1876, kikaba ari igihe gikomeye mu ihindagurika ry’ukuntu abantu bakora uburyo bazajya baganira mu buryo bwa kure.
Alexander Graham Bell yavutse ku wa 3 Werurwe mu 1847, avukira ahitwa Edinburgh, muri otcosse. Yari ashishikajwe cyane n’uburyo amajwi yakorwa mu itumanaho, bishoboka ko yatewe inkunga n’umuryango we mu mvugo no kuvuga mu buryo bwo guhuza amajwi kugira abashe kubihuza.
Se wa Bell na sekuru bari inzobere zizwi mu gukosora imvugo, kandi nyina yari afite ubumuga bwo kutumva, ibyo bikaba byaramushishikaje ubuzima bwe bwose kugira akore icyabasha gutuma nyina bavugana.
Mu myaka ya 1870, Bell yakoze igikoresho gifasha abatumva gushyikirana. Ubushakashatsi bwe bwamuteye gushakisha uburyo bwo kohereza amajwi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.
Bell yafatanije na Thomas Watson, umuhanga mu mashanyarazi kabuhariwe, kugirango atezimbere igikoresho gishobora guhindura imiraba yamajwi mu bimenyetso byamashanyarazi hanyuma bikisubiramo mu majwi.
Iterambere ryiyikorwa ryo gukora telefoni ryabaye ku wa 10 Werurwe mu 1876, ubwo Bell yatelefonaga bwa mbere kuri telefoni. Cyane ati: “Bwana Watson, ngwino hano, ndashaka ku kubona.”
Aya magambo yanyuze mu nsinga, agera i Watson mu kindi cyumba. Ivumburwa ryerekanaga ko imvugo ishobora gutangwa hejuru y’insinga.
Izina Bella ryamenyekanye cyane nkuwahimbye terefone bwambere. Telefone yahinduye itumanaho ku Isi hose. Ubwa mbere wabonaga ari agashya, byahise bihinduka igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu bucuruzi no guhuza abantu. Ivumburwa rya Bell ryashyizeho urufatiro rw’inganda z’itumanaho, rwahindutse ruva ku murongo wa interineti ugera kuri terefone zigendanwa na interineti.
Bell yagiye gushinga sosiyete ya TeLefoni mu 1877, nyuma iza kuba AT&T, imwe mu masosiyete akomeye y’itumanaho ku Isi. Nubwo igihangano cye cyagenze neza, Bell yakomeje kwiyoroshya, akenshi yerekeza ibitekerezo bye mu bindi bikorwa bya siyansi, harimo ibyogajuru n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi.
Ivumburwa rya terefone na Alexander Graham Bell ryerekana ubuhanga bwabantu no guharanira iterambere ridahwema. Umurimo wa Bell wafunguye inzira z’itumanaho rigezweho. Uyu munsi, telefoni ikora nk’ubuhamya bw’uko udushya dushobora kurenga imipaka no guhuza Isi.
Alexander Graham Bell wakoze bwambere telefoni, yari afite byinshi bimuca intege.
