Amateka y’intambara zibera muri Republika Iharanira Demokrasi ya Kongo

Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) ni igihugu gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere: coltan, zahabu, diyama, cobalt n’andi mabuye y’agaciro akunzwe kwifashishwa mu ikoranabuhanga rihanitse. Nyamara, kuva mu 1960 ubwo cyabonaga ubwigenge, cyahuye n’uruhurirane rw’intambara n’imvururu zagiye zishegesha ubusugire bwacyo kugeza n’ubu.

Mu ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo, imitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 120 igaragara muri ako gace, aho buri mutwe ugira impamvu zawo zirimo amoko, uburenganzira bwa muntu, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’impamvu za politiki.

Umwe mu mitwe imaze kumenyekana cyane ni M23 (Mouvement du 23 Mars), uvuga ko urwanira uburenganzira bw’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda, bahohoterwa cyangwa bagahabwa akato mu gihugu cyabo ku bw’amateka y’ubuhunzi n’amoko.

Uyu mutwe wavuzweho kongera gufata intwaro kuva mu 2021 nyuma y’imyaka wari waracururutse, maze usubira mu mirwano na Leta ya Congo, ugenzura ibice bitandukanye mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu.

U Rwanda rushinjwa kenshi n’ubutegetsi bwa RDC kuba inyuma y’umutwe wa M23, ruwuha intwaro, amakuru y’iperereza n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.

U Rwanda rwakomeje guhakana ibyo birego, rugasobanura ko ibyo ari uburyo bwo guhisha ibibazo bya politiki n’ivangura rishingiye ku moko riri mu gihugu imbere, ndetse ko na rwo ruhangayikishijwe n’umutekano mucye uterwa n’imitwe nk’FDLR, igizwe n’abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Umwihariko w’intambara yo muri Congo ni uko iterwa n’ubutunzi. Amabuye y’agaciro, aho kuba isoko y’iterambere, yahindutse indiri y’amaraso. Imitwe yitwaje intwaro iracukura, igurisha ayo mabuye binyuranyije n’amategeko, ikagura intwaro kandi igakomeza urugomo.

Amakompanyi mpuzamahanga n’abashoramari bakomeje gushinjwa gutiza umurindi ibi bikorwa, aho inyungu zabo zishyirwa imbere y’ubuzima bw’abaturage.

Nk’uko raporo za Loni zibigaragaza, intambara zo muri Congo zimaze guhitana abarenga miliyoni esheshatu kuva mu 1996. Miliyoni zirenga zirindwi zavuye mu byabo, bamwe bajya mu nkambi z’impunzi, abandi baratatana imbere mu gihugu.

Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, gufata abagore ku ngufu, gushora abana mu gisirikare, gukubitwa no gusahurwa kw’inzu z’abaturage ni bimwe mu bikorwa bishingiye kuri iyo ntambara.

Imiryango mpuzamahanga nka Human Rights Watch, Médecins Sans Frontières na Amnesty International yakomeje kugaragaza ko ibikorwa bikorerwa abaturage mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo byujuje ibisobanuro by’ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.

Imibereho y’abaturage yahungabanye. Ishuri ntirikigira agaciro mu bice byinshi by’intambara. Abana baravutswa amahirwe yo kwiga, bamwe bagashorwa mu mirimo ivunanye, abandi bakajya mu mitwe y’inyeshyamba. Ubukungu bw’igihugu bushingiye ku buhinzi n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye bwatakaje agaciro. Igiciro cy’ibiribwa kiragurumana, ibitaro n’amavuriro byarasenyutse, abaganga barahunga, indwara nk’iseru, kolera na malariya zica abaturage nk’uko intwaro zibica.

MONUSCO, ingabo za Loni ziri muri Congo kuva mu 1999, zinengwa ko zitigeze zifasha guhosha burundu intambara. Abaturage bamenyereye kubona izo ngabo zirebera ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi aho kugira icyo zikora.

Mu 2023, ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) byohereje ingabo muri Congo mu rwego rwo guhosha intambara. Nubwo habayeho ibiganiro by’amahoro hagati ya Leta ya RDC n’umutwe wa M23 i Nairobi n’i Luanda, impande zombi zitarubahiriza neza ibyo zemeranyijweho, intambara irakomeza.

Umwe mu miziro y’intambara ni uko hari ubuyobozi budafite ubushake bwa politiki bwo gukemura ibibazo by’amateka n’ubwumvikane buke mu moko. Hari amoko amwe mu Burasirazuba, cyane cyane abavuga Ikinyarwanda, abazwa amateka y’ubuhunzi cyangwa inkomoko yabo, aho bamwe bafatwa nk’abanyamahanga, kandi ari Abanye-Congo.

Imitwe nka FDLR igizwe n’abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ikomeje gutera inkunga ivangura n’urwango, ikabuza amahoro abaturage. Ikindi ni uko ibihugu by’amahanga bikomeje kurebera, kuko bimaze kwishakira inyungu mu mutungo wa Congo aho kugira uruhare rufatika mu guhosha intambara.

Nubwo byose byasa nk’ibyajemo umwijima, hari icyizere. Abaturage b’ingeri zose bakomeje kugaragaza inyota y’amahoro, banasabira ubufatanye buhamye. Amasezerano ya politiki ashingiye ku bwubahane, guha ijambo impande zose, kurwanya ivangura, no gukura intwaro mu maboko y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ni inzira iboneye.

Nk’uko umunyarwanda yabivuze: “Amakimbirane yica inzozi, amahoro akabyara iterambere.” Kongera kubaka Congo irangwa n’ubutabera, ubwiyunge n’ubusugire byafasha n’akarere kose kwinjira mu bihe bishya by’amahoro n’ubufatanye nyakuri.